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23V50.942
Vanadium
Transition MetalVanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
Phase: SolidAppearance: blue-silver-grey metal
2, 8, 11, 2
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass50.94151 u
Density6 g/cm³
Melting Point2183 K
Boiling Point3680 K
Molar Heat24.89 J/(mol·K)
Period4
PhaseSolid
Chemical Properties
Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
Semantic Config[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Shells2, 8, 11, 2
Electron Affinity50.911 kJ/mol
Electronegativity1.63
Ionization Energies
IE1: 650.9 kJ/molIE2: 1414 kJ/molIE3: 2830 kJ/molIE4: 4507 kJ/molIE5: 6298.7 kJ/molIE6: 12363 kJ/molIE7: 14530 kJ/molIE8: 16730 kJ/molIE9: 19860 kJ/molIE10: 22240 kJ/molIE11: 24670 kJ/molIE12: 29730 kJ/molIE13: 32446 kJ/molIE14: 86450 kJ/molIE15: 94170 kJ/molIE16: 102300 kJ/molIE17: 112700 kJ/molIE18: 121600 kJ/molIE19: 130700 kJ/molIE20: 143400 kJ/molIE21: 151440 kJ/molIE22: 661050 kJ/molIE23: 699144 kJ/mol
Discovery