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21Sc44.956
Scandium
Transition MetalScandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.
Phase: SolidAppearance: silvery white
2, 8, 9, 2
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass44.9559085 u
Density2.985 g/cm³
Melting Point1814 K
Boiling Point3109 K
Molar Heat25.52 J/(mol·K)
Period4
PhaseSolid
Chemical Properties
Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
Semantic Config[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Shells2, 8, 9, 2
Electron Affinity18 kJ/mol
Electronegativity1.36
Ionization Energies
IE1: 633.1 kJ/molIE2: 1235 kJ/molIE3: 2388.6 kJ/molIE4: 7090.6 kJ/molIE5: 8843 kJ/molIE6: 10679 kJ/molIE7: 13310 kJ/molIE8: 15250 kJ/molIE9: 17370 kJ/molIE10: 21726 kJ/molIE11: 24102 kJ/molIE12: 66320 kJ/molIE13: 73010 kJ/molIE14: 80160 kJ/molIE15: 89490 kJ/molIE16: 97400 kJ/molIE17: 105600 kJ/molIE18: 117000 kJ/molIE19: 124270 kJ/molIE20: 547530 kJ/molIE21: 582163 kJ/mol
Discovery
Discovered byLars Fredrik Nilson