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15P30.974
Phosphorus
Polyatomic NonmetalPhosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.
Phase: SolidAppearance: colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
2, 8, 5
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass30.9737619985 u
Density1.823 g/cm³
Molar Heat23.824 J/(mol·K)
Period3
PhaseSolid
Chemical Properties
Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
Semantic Config[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Shells2, 8, 5
Electron Affinity72.037 kJ/mol
Electronegativity2.19
Ionization Energies
IE1: 1011.8 kJ/molIE2: 1907 kJ/molIE3: 2914.1 kJ/molIE4: 4963.6 kJ/molIE5: 6273.9 kJ/molIE6: 21267 kJ/molIE7: 25431 kJ/molIE8: 29872 kJ/molIE9: 35905 kJ/molIE10: 40950 kJ/molIE11: 46261 kJ/molIE12: 54110 kJ/molIE13: 59024 kJ/molIE14: 271791 kJ/molIE15: 296195 kJ/mol
Discovery
Discovered byHennig Brand