← Periodic Table
64Gd157.253
Gadolinium
LanthanideGadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.
Phase: SolidAppearance: silvery white
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Physical Properties
Atomic Mass157.253 u
Density7.9 g/cm³
Melting Point1585 K
Boiling Point3273 K
Molar Heat37.03 J/(mol·K)
Period6
PhaseSolid
Chemical Properties
Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1
Semantic Config[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Shells2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Electron Affinity13.22 kJ/mol
Electronegativity1.2
Ionization Energies
IE1: 593.4 kJ/molIE2: 1170 kJ/molIE3: 1990 kJ/molIE4: 4250 kJ/mol
Discovery
Discovered byJean Charles Galissard de Marignac