68Er167.259

Erbium

Lanthanide

Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.

Phase: SolidAppearance: silvery white

2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass167.2593 u

Density9.066 g/cm³

Melting Point1802 K

Boiling Point3141 K

Molar Heat28.12 J/(mol·K)

Period6

PhaseSolid

Chemical Properties

Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12

Semantic Config[Xe] 4f12 6s2

Shells2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2

Electron Affinity30.1 kJ/mol

Electronegativity1.24

Ionization Energies

IE1: 589.3 kJ/molIE2: 1150 kJ/molIE3: 2194 kJ/molIE4: 4120 kJ/mol

Discovery

Discovered byCarl Gustaf Mosander

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