6C12.011

Carbon

Polyatomic Nonmetal

Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.

Phase: Solid

2, 4

Physical Properties

Atomic Mass12.011 u

Density1.821 g/cm³

Molar Heat8.517 J/(mol·K)

Period2

PhaseSolid

Chemical Properties

Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p2

Semantic Config[He] 2s2 2p2

Shells2, 4

Electron Affinity121.7763 kJ/mol

Electronegativity2.55

Ionization Energies

IE1: 1086.5 kJ/molIE2: 2352.6 kJ/molIE3: 4620.5 kJ/molIE4: 6222.7 kJ/molIE5: 37831 kJ/molIE6: 47277 kJ/mol

Discovery

Discovered byAncient Egypt

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